{"id":7753,"date":"2026-04-10T16:29:08","date_gmt":"2026-04-10T19:29:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.schwartzman.org.br\/sitesimon\/?p=7753"},"modified":"2026-04-10T16:33:39","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T19:33:39","slug":"jose-joaquin-brunner-a-violencia-nas-escolas-e-a-autoridade-dos-docentes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.schwartzman.org.br\/sitesimon\/jose-joaquin-brunner-a-violencia-nas-escolas-e-a-autoridade-dos-docentes\/","title":{"rendered":"Jos\u00e9 Joaqu\u00edn Brunner: a viol\u00eancia nas escolas e a autoridade dos docentes"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

(Publicado originalmente em espanhol em El Mercurio <\/em>(Chile), 10 de abril de 2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O que diz Brunner sobre o que ocorre no Chile se aplica perfeitamente ao Brasil:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Diante do aumento da viol\u00eancia nas escolas, o Governo sugere a instala\u00e7\u00e3o de detectores de metais, a revista de mochilas e o estabelecimento de novas agravantes penais. Embora essas medidas sejam compreens\u00edveis em um contexto de alarme geral, elas mostram, mais uma vez, que existe um diagn\u00f3stico que confunde a desordem vis\u00edvel com o v\u00e1cuo invis\u00edvel que a origina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esse v\u00e1cuo denomina-se perda da autoridade leg\u00edtima do docente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hannah Arendt alertou sobre isso com clareza em seu ensaio sobre a crise da educa\u00e7\u00e3o, escrito em 1954 e que permanece atual. Para Arendt, a autoridade n\u00e3o \u00e9 simplesmente poder ou coa\u00e7\u00e3o, mas algo mais sutil e exigente: a responsabilidade do adulto de guiar o rec\u00e9m-chegado em um mundo que preexiste a ambos. O mestre n\u00e3o exerce autoridade pela for\u00e7a, mas sim atrav\u00e9s da responsabilidade assumida perante a sociedade e as novas gera\u00e7\u00f5es. Quando essa autoridade desaparece, n\u00e3o h\u00e1 liberdade, apenas desorienta\u00e7\u00e3o. Uma escola sem hierarquias n\u00e3o liberta, mas abandona seus estudantes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O fil\u00f3sofo contempor\u00e2neo Gert Biesta analisou esse argumento sob uma perspectiva distinta. Nas \u00faltimas d\u00e9cadas, ele sustenta que ocorreu uma silenciosa, por\u00e9m destrutiva, transforma\u00e7\u00e3o na educa\u00e7\u00e3o, que podemos chamar de uma “aprendizifica\u00e7\u00e3o”: o docente passa a ser um facilitador, o estudante se torna um cliente aut\u00f4nomo e o ato de ensinar \u2014 esse ato de transmitir algo do mundo a algu\u00e9m que ainda n\u00e3o o conhece \u2014 desaparece do cen\u00e1rio. Uma escola sem professores que ensinem n\u00e3o \u00e9 mais livre; \u00e9 uma institui\u00e7\u00e3o que renunciou \u00e0 sua fun\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Esses diagn\u00f3sticos apontam problemas que as leis de conviv\u00eancia e os mecanismos de seguran\u00e7a n\u00e3o podem resolver. Nas \u00faltimas duas d\u00e9cadas, o sistema escolar chileno promoveu uma vis\u00e3o igualitarista que desconfia das hierarquias, elimina as diferen\u00e7as de pap\u00e9is e considera autorit\u00e1ria a autoridade docente. Isso levou \u00e0 progressiva deslegitima\u00e7\u00e3o do professor: uma figura sem peso simb\u00f3lico, sem respaldo institucional e sem a capacidade de estabelecer limites que os alunos percebam como pr\u00f3prios.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sem autoridade leg\u00edtima, n\u00e3o se alcan\u00e7a uma disciplina internalizada; sem ela, n\u00e3o existe uma comunidade escolar e, sem essa comunidade, a viol\u00eancia ocupa o espa\u00e7o. Os detectores detectam o metal; n\u00e3o o v\u00e1cuo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O que a escola requer \u00e9 devolver ao docente seu papel central e insubstitu\u00edvel. N\u00e3o como um educador autorit\u00e1rio que se imp\u00f5e pelo medo, mas como um mestre que ensina pelo conhecimento, orienta pela responsabilidade e estabelece limites porque se preocupa com o futuro de seus alunos. Essa autoridade n\u00e3o \u00e9 outorgada por lei nem alcan\u00e7ada com c\u00e2meras de vigil\u00e2ncia. Constr\u00f3i-se por meio da forma\u00e7\u00e3o, do reconhecimento social, de condi\u00e7\u00f5es de trabalho dignas e de uma cultura escolar que volte a situar o ensino \u2014 e a aprendizagem que dele nasce \u2014 no cerne de tudo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(Publicado originalmente em espanhol em El Mercurio (Chile), 10 de abril de 2026) O que diz Brunner sobre o que ocorre no Chile se aplica perfeitamente ao Brasil: Diante do aumento da viol\u00eancia nas escolas, o Governo sugere a instala\u00e7\u00e3o de detectores de metais, a revista de mochilas e o estabelecimento de novas agravantes penais. … Continue reading “Jos\u00e9 Joaqu\u00edn Brunner: a viol\u00eancia nas escolas e a autoridade dos docentes”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":125,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"{\"document\":\"AAAnrdePhR2lmO31A63Xj4Udtquk9BnlmO31AwP2q6T0GQDlmO31A84B9AG00gHy0gGu0gH0vwG6vwEC8NIBAhBUKAQIAhYCigEIFATcAqgCAQEIAEgKKAQKwgS2BDADAOYBmgIEAgoGCAIJAAQOCMQBIsQEngUBAQgASPoCAwCqBPgDsgQE6AKkAwLcC6wLFgQQAg4CBgLWAqoDAnywAQQCFMYMigSQCPwHnAgBAQgASAIImgEU+AG+CwEBCAJCSACOAgEBCAJCSACaEgEBCAJCSACKEQEBCAJCSAC0DwEBCAJCSACyBgEBCAIcEG5I3FS8A6IBgAW8XAIEAwDWYIBjErRPENa\/AYoMrATGART6BIJh\/mDYCwIalNIBQgYCJr4S0Awi4AEDAAD2BJoKAQDMB3KmATCuBDoBA4ABpgMUygKSXv5gqwIoAKgBIQCoAMQAKAChAagBIQInAiEAKAUnACgAIQAoACcABACBAIQAgQCEAIEAhACBAIQAgQCEAAcAKAInASgAJwAEAIEAhAEEAIQEgQCEAYEAhACBAIQBgQCEAIEAhADEAYcAKAInASgAJwDEA4QCAQCEAIEAxACEAIEAhACBAIQAgQCEAIEAhADEAMEAxACEAIEAhACBAIQAxACEAEQAhACHACEAKAEnASgAJwCoAAQAgQCEAIcAKAInAQQAKAAnAIcAKAInAQQAKAAnAIcAKAInAQQAKAAnAIcAKAInAQQAKAAnAIcAKAInAQQAKAAnAIcAKAInAQQAgQCEACgAJwDEBMEAxADBAMQAhACBAIQAgQCEAKgAxACEAMQEoQGoACEBqAChACEAodw8nDtzdGF0ZXZlcnNpb25zdGF0ZXZlcnNpb24sZG9jdW1lbnRzbHVnc3RhdGV2ZXJzaW9uZG9jdW1lbnRkYXRlZG9jdW1lbnRzdGF0dXNkb2N1bWVudHRpdGxlZG9jdW1lbnRjb250ZW50ZG9jdW1lbnRleGNlcnB0ZG9jdW1lbnRhdXRob3Jkb2N1bWVudGZlYXR1cmVkX21lZGlhZG9jdW1lbnRjb21tZW50X3N0YXR1c2RvY3VtZW50cGluZ19zdGF0dXNkb2N1bWVudHN0aWNreWRvY3VtZW50dGVtcGxhdGVkb2N1bWVudGZvcm1hdGRvY3VtZW50bWV0YWZvb3Rub3Rlc2RvY3VtZW50Y2F0ZWdvcmllc2RvY3VtZW50dGFnc2RvY3VtZW50YmxvY2tzSm9zw6kgSm9hcXVuIEJydW5uZXI6ICBhIHZpb2zDqm5jaWEgbmFzIGVzY29sYXMgZSBhIGF1dG9yaWRhZGUgZG9zIGRvY2VudGVzY2xpZW50SWRpc1ZhbGlkbmFtZWF0dHJpYnV0ZXNjb250ZW50ZHJvcENhcGlubmVyQmxvY2tzUHVibGljYWRvIG9yaWdpbmFsbWVudGUgPCEtLSB3cDpwYXJhZ3JhcGggLS0+CjxwPlB1YmxpY2FkbyBvcmlnaW5hbG1lbnRlIDwvcD4KPCEtLSAvd3A6cGFyYWdyYXBoIC0tPmVtIEVsIE1lcmN1cmlvIChDaGlsZSksICAxMCBkZSBhYnJpbCBkZSAyMDI2PGVtPjwvZW0+Y2xpZW50SWRpc1ZhbGlkbmFtZWF0dHJpYnV0ZXNjb250ZW50ZHJvcENhcGlubmVyQmxvY2tzZW1lbT4gRWwgTWVyY3VyaW8gPGVtPihDaGlsZSksICAxMCBkZSBhYnJpbCBkZSAyMDI2PC8KCjwhLS0gd3A6cGFyYWdyYXBoIC0tPgo8cD48L3A+CjwhLS0gL3dwOnBhcmFncmFwaCAtLT5Pw60gcXVlIGRpeiBCcnVubmVyIHNvYnJlIG8gcXVlIG9jb3JyZSBubyBDaE8gcXVlIGRpeiBCcnVubmVyIHNvYnJlIG8gcXVlIG9jb3JyZSBubyBDaGlsZSBzZSBhcGxpY2EgIGFvIEJyYXNpbCBlbSBlc3BhbmhvbCkoOmNsaWVudElkaXNWYWxpZG5hbWVhdHRyaWJ1dGVzY29udGVudGRyb3BDYXBpbm5lckJsb2Nrc0RpYW50ZSBkbyBhdW1lbnRvIGRhIHZpb2zDqm5jaWEgbmFzIGVzY29sYXMgbyBHb3Zlcm5vIHN1Z2VyZSBhIGluc3RhbGHDp8OjbyBkZSBkZXRlY3RvcmVzIGRlIG1ldGFpcywgYSByZXZpc3RhIGRlIG1vY2hpbGFzIGUgbyBlc3RhYmVsZWNpbWVudG8gZGUgbm92YXMgYWdyYXZhbnRlcyBwZW5haXMuIEVtYm9yYSBlc3NhcyBtZWRpZGFzIHNlamFtIGNvbXByZWVuc8OtdmVpcyBlbSB1bSBjb250ZXh0byBkZSBhbGFybWUgZ2VyYWwsIGVsYXMgbW9zdHJhbSwgbWFpcyB1bWEgdmV6LCBxdWUgZXhpc3RlIHVtIGRpYWduw7NzdGljbyBxdWUgY29uZnVuZGUgYSBkZXNvcmRlbSB2aXPDrXZlbCBjb20gbyB2w6FjdW8gaW52aXPDrXZlbCBxdWUgYSBvcmlnaW5hLmNsaWVudElkaXNWYWxpZG5hbWVhdHRyaWJ1dGVzY29udGVudEVzc2UgdsOhY3VvIGRlbm9taW5hLXNlIHBlcmRhIGRhIGF1dG9yaWRhZGUgbGVnw610aW1hIGRvIGRvY2VudGUuZHJvcENhcGlubmVyQmxvY2tzY2xpZW50SWRpc1ZhbGlkbmFtZWF0dHJpYnV0ZXNjb250ZW50SGFubmFoIEFyZW5kdCBhbGVydG91IHNvYnJlIGlzc28gY29tIGNsYXJlemEgZW0gc2V1IGVuc2FpbyBzb2JyZSBhIGNyaXNlIGRhIGVkdWNhw6fDo28sIGVzY3JpdG8gZW0gMTk1NCBlIHF1ZSBwZXJtYW5lY2UgYXR1YWwuIFBhcmEgQXJlbmR0LCBhIGF1dG9yaWRhZGUgbsOjbyDDqSBzaW1wbGVzbWVudGUgcG9kZXIgb3UgY29hw6fDo28sIG1hcyBhbGdvIG1haXMgc3V0aWwgZSBleGlnZW50ZTogYSByZXNwb25zYWJpbGlkYWRlIGRvIGFkdWx0byBkZSBndWlhciBvIHJlY8OpbS1jaGVnYWRvIGVtIHVtIG11bmRvIHF1ZSBwcmVleGlzdGUgYSBhbWJvcy4gTyBtZXN0cmUgbsOjbyBleGVyY2UgYXV0b3JpZGFkZSBwZWxhIGZvcsOnYSwgbWFzIHNpbSBhdHJhdsOpcyBkYSByZXNwb25zYWJpbGlkYWRlIGFzc3VtaWRhIHBlcmFudGUgYSBzb2NpZWRhZGUgZSBhcyBub3ZhcyBnZXJhw6fDtWVzLiBRdWFuZG8gZXNzYSBhdXRvcmlkYWRlIGRlc2FwYXJlY2UsIG7Do28gaMOhIGxpYmVyZGFkZSwgYXBlbmFzIGRlc29yaWVudGHDp8Ojby4gVW1hIGVzY29sYSBzZW0gaGllcmFycXVpYXMgbsOjbyBsaWJlcnRhLCBtYXMgYWJhbmRvbmEgc2V1cyBlc3R1ZGFudGVzLmRyb3BDYXBpbm5lckJsb2Nrc2NsaWVudElkaXNWYWxpZG5hbWVhdHRyaWJ1dGVzY29udGVudE8gZmlsw7Nzb2ZvIGNvbnRlbXBvcsOibmVvIEdlcnQgQmllc3RhIGFuYWxpc291IGVzc2UgYXJndW1lbnRvIHNvYiB1bWEgcGVyc3BlY3RpdmEgZGlzdGludGEuIE5hcyDDumx0aW1hcyBkw6ljYWRhcywgZWxlIHN1c3RlbnRhIHF1ZSBvY29ycmV1IHVtYSBzaWxlbmNpb3NhLCBwb3LDqW0gZGVzdHJ1dGl2YSwgdHJhbnNmb3JtYcOnw6NvIG5hIGVkdWNhw6fDo28sIHF1ZSBwb2RlbW9zIGNoYW1hciBkZSB1bWEgImFwcmVuZGl6aWZpY2HDp8OjbyI6IG8gZG9jZW50ZSBwYXNzYSBhIHNlciB1bSBmYWNpbGl0YWRvciwgbyBlc3R1ZGFudGUgc2UgdG9ybmEgdW0gY2xpZW50ZSBhdXTDtG5vbW8gZSBvIGF0byBkZSBlbnNpbmFyIOKAlCBlc3NlIGF0byBkZSB0cmFuc21pdGlyIGFsZ28gZG8gbXVuZG8gYSBhbGd1w6ltIHF1ZSBhaW5kYSBuw6NvIG8gY29uaGVjZSDigJQgZGVzYXBhcmVjZSBkbyBjZW7DoXJpby4gVW1hIGVzY29sYSBzZW0gcHJvZmVzc29yZXMgcXVlIGVuc2luZW0gbsOjbyDDqSBtYWlzIGxpdnJlOyDDqSB1bWEgaW5zdGl0dWnDp8OjbyBxdWUgcmVudW5jaW91IMOgIHN1YSBmdW7Dp8Ojby5kcm9wQ2FwaW5uZXJCbG9ja3NjbGllbnRJZGlzVmFsaWRuYW1lYXR0cmlidXRlc2NvbnRlbnRFc3NlcyBkaWFnbsOzc3RpY29zIGFwb250YW0gcHJvYmxlbWFzIHF1ZSBhcyBsZWlzIGRlIGNvbnZpdsOqbmNpYSBlIG9zIG1lY2FuaXNtb3MgZGUgc2VndXJhbsOnYSBuw6NvIHBvZGVtIHJlc29sdmVyLiBOYXMgw7psdGltYXMgZHVhcyBkw6ljYWRhcywgbyBzaXN0ZW1hIGVzY29sYXIgY2hpbGVubyBwcm9tb3ZldSB1bWEgdmlzw6NvIGlndWFsaXRhcmlzdGEgcXVlIGRlc2NvbmZpYSBkYXMgaG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